The litter box

Open type ("classic") — maximum visibility for the cat, ideal for kittens and older cats. Choose sides 15–20 cm high, with a box length of 1.5–2 times the cat's body length.

Covered box ("privacy") — hides odors and litter, and prevents scatter. Some cats may feel trapped inside — try removing the door at first.

A quiet spot — away from noisy appliances and busy hallways.

Away from food — cats don't like relieving themselves where they eat or drink.

Clumping mineral (bentonite clay) — holds odor very well and forms firm clumps, but produces dust when poured.

Wood-based (pressed sawdust, absorbent) — budget-friendly, breaks down into crumbs when wet, can be flushed down the toilet in small amounts, and is eco-friendly.

Silica gel (absorbent) — maximum absorbency and odor control, but crunches loudly and may scare off timid cats.

Plant-based litters (soy, corn, wheat) — flush perfectly, dissolve without residue, are safe if accidentally eaten, but cost more and can attract rodents if stored at a country house.

Daily: scoop clumps and solid waste 1–2 times a day.

Every 2 weeks/month: fully replace the litter and wash the box with a mild cleaner.

Material matters: plastic is more affordable, but absorbs odors over time and its chips and scratches can harbor bacteria. Ceramic or metal boxes disinfect more hygienically but cost more.

Fragrances: a lavender scent may be pleasant to you, but it repels a cat's sensitive nose.

Noisy locations: a litter box next to the washing machine is a recipe for sudden fright and the cat refusing to use that spot.

Medical: first rule out cystitis or urinary stones with a vet.

Behavioral: check cleanliness, and try changing the litter type or the box's location.

Cats may ignore the litter box due to stress, unsuitable litter, a strong odor, or being frightened by the sounds and feel of certain litter particles.